Building ceramics – raw materials, technology, and economic importance
Anna Konstanciak1* (orcid id: 0000-0002-2141-4259)
1. Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim, Poland
DOI: 10.17512/bozpe.2025.14.19
Article (PDF)
KEYWORDS
building ceramics, balance, technology
ABSTRACT
The ceramics industry plays a key role in the economy, supplying materials essential for
construction, electronics, metallurgy, and many other industries. In 2024, the production of
ceramic products in Poland reached 118 million tons, including nearly 3 billion bricks and
hollow blocks. The basic raw material for the production of building ceramics is clay rocks
containing minerals such as kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite. These deposits are found
throughout the country, especially in the Świętokrzyskie, Częstochowa, and Tarnobrzeg
regions. At the end of 2024, the balance of clay raw material resources was 2,014.6 million m3,
and extraction increased by 20 % compared to the previous year. The ceramic production process
includes raw material preparation, forming, drying, firing, and quality control. Modern
technologies focus on automation, heat recovery, and the use of secondary raw materials.
Building ceramics are characterized by high strength, weather resistance, fire resistance, and
aesthetics. They are used in the production of bricks, roof tiles, tiles, clinker, and structural
elements in traditional and energy-efficient construction. Production based on local raw
materials reduces CO2 emissions and supports the regional economy. Thanks to its durability
and environmental friendliness, building ceramics remain the material of the future, combining
tradition with modern trends in sustainable development.
Politechnika Częstochowska uczelnią dostępną.
